How does enterobactin work?

Enterobactin is a catechol-containing siderophore produced by E. coli. Under iron deprivation conditions, E. coli synthesizes these low molecular weight compounds, which bind ferric ions with high affinity and which are used to supply iron for metabolic pathways.

How does E coli uses the compound Enterobactin?

Why is enterobactin important?

Enterobactin is the strongest siderophore known, binding to the ferric ion (Fe3+) with affinity K = 1052 M−1. Due to its high affinity, enterobactin is capable of chelating even in environments where the concentration of ferric ion is held very low, such as within living organisms.

Is enterobactin chiral?

The chirality of the iron center in enterobactin is Δ,6 and this chirality, while not essential for receptor recognition and outer membrane transport,7is essential for iron utilization; the mirror image enantio-enterobactin complex does not promote microbial growth.

What are the function of siderophores?

Siderophores are small molecular iron chelators that are produced by microbes and whose most notable function is to sequester iron from the host and provide this essential metal nutrient to microbes.

Are siderophores toxins?

Siderophores (Greek: “iron carrier”) are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron ….Mixed ligands.

What is the Aerobactin system?

Aerobactin is a bacterial iron chelating agent (siderophore) found in E. coli. coli to sequester iron in iron-poor environments such as the urinary tract. Aerobactin is biosynthesized by the oxidation of lysine, catalyzed by the enzyme aerobactin synthase, which is then coupled to citric acid.

What is enterobactin made of?

The siderophore enterobactin is a triscatechol derivative of a cyclic triserine lactone. Studies of the chemistry, regulation, synthesis, recognition, and transport of enterobactin make it perhaps the best understood of the siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems, displaying a lot of function packed into this small molecule.

What enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of enterobactin?

The biosynthesis of enterobactin involves six enzymes, EntA-F (Scheme 6 ). There are two enzyme-catalyzed sequences to the biosynthesis of enterobactin. First, the enzymes EntA-C synthesize the 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) moieties from chorismate (see section “ Biosynthesis of Iron Chelating Groups ”).

How does enterenterobactin work?

Enterobactin can extract iron even from the air. Pathogenic bacteria can steal iron from other living organisms using this mechanism, even though the concentration of iron is kept extremely low due to the toxicity of free iron.

Is enterobactin a siderophore for iron uptake?

Studies of the chemistry, regulation, synthesis, recognition, and transport of enterobactin make it perhaps the best understood of the siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems, displaying a lot of function packed into this small molecule.

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