What are pulmonary macrophages?

Pulmonary macrophages form a heterogeneous population of immune cells that fulfil a variety of specialised functions, including maintenance of pulmonary homoeostasis, removal of cellular debris, immune surveillance, microbial clearance, responses to infection and the resolution of inflammation.

What are rare pulmonary macrophages?

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare condition characterized by dysfunctional alveolar macrophages, which ineffectively clear surfactant and typically cause mild hypoxemia.

Are there macrophages in the respiratory tract?

An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls.

Which are brain macrophages?

The classes of macrophages or phagocytic cells in brain tissue are microglia, supraependymal cells, epiplexus cells, meningeal macrophages, pericytes, and direct blood-derived macrophages.

Are macrophages in the brain?

Microglia and non-parenchymal macrophages in the brain are mononuclear phagocytes that are increasingly recognized to be essential players in the development, homeostasis and diseases of the central nervous system.

How many macrophages are in the lungs?

In the lung, there are two distinct macrophage populations: alveolar macrophages, which are in close contact with the type I and II epithelial cells of alveoli (1); and interstitial macrophages, which reside in the parenchyma between the microvascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium (2).

Are there macrophages in the trachea?

We unexpectedly identified macrophages within the tracheal epithelium that are molecularly distinct from IMs and AMs. These IAMs are also distinct from DCs that have been described within the epithelium (Sertl et al., 1986).

What is Caplan syndrome?

Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis (RP, also known as Caplan syndrome) is swelling (inflammation) and scarring of the lungs. It occurs in people with rheumatoid arthritis who have breathed in dust, such as from coal (coal worker’s pneumoconiosis) or silica.