What is ganglioside made up of?

A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology.

What are GM1 gangliosides?

GM1 gangliosidosis are inherited disorders that progressively destroy neurons in the brain and spinal cord as GM1 accumulates. Without treatment, this results in developmental decline and muscle weakness, eventually leading to severe retardation and death.

What is asialo ganglioside?

Ganglioside antibodies are associated with diverse peripheral neuropathies. Elevated antibody levels to ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM1) and the neutral glycolipid, asialo-GM1 are associated with motor or sensorimotor neuropathies, particularly multifocal motor neuropathy.

What are the physiological significance of gangliosides?

Gangliosides are enriched in cell membrane microdomains (“lipid rafts”) and play important roles in the modulation of membrane proteins and ion channels, in cell signaling and in the communication among cells.

What is the simplest ganglioside?

GM3
First, a simple ganglioside, GM3, is synthesized by addition of a sialic acid to LacCer by CMP-sialic acid: LacCer α2–3 sialyltransferase (ST-I or GM3 synthase)….Table 1.

Which component is common in the structure of sphingomyelin and ganglioside?

Ceramides occur as structural components of the membrane lipid sphingomyelin and of glycosphingolipids and in free form as intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism.

What are GM1 antibodies?

Ganglioside antibodies are associated with diverse peripheral neuropathies. Elevated antibody levels to ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM1) are associated with motor or sensorimotor neuropathies, particularly multifocal motor neuropathy. Anti-GM1 may occur as IgM (polyclonal or monoclonal) or IgG antibodies.

Is ganglioside a phospholipid?

Gangliosides are a group of sialic acid glycosphingolipids found in the plasma membrane of cells (6). Phospholipids are found in all plant and animal cell membranes, usually in the form of glycerophospholipids—FAs esterified to a glycerol backbone (9).

What is ganglioside receptor?

Gangliosides, glycosphingolipids present in the membranes of neuronal and other cells, are natural receptors for a number of bacterial toxins and viruses whose sensitive detection is of interest in clinical medicine as well as in biological warfare or terrorism incidents.

Does ganglioside contain sphingosine?

In higher animals, C18- and C20-sphingosine are the most abundant sphingoid bases of gangliosides. Representative structures of sphingoid bases, in this case (d18:1), (d18:0), and (t18:0). The fatty acids found in the ceramide part of gangliosides are mostly saturated.

Can anti-gt1a IgG itself determine clinical manifestations of human oculomotor dysfunction?

Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining showed that GT1a is present in human oculomotor and lower cranial nerves. Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence that anti-GT1a IgG itself can determine clinical manifestations.

Is ganglioside molecular mimicry responsible for muscle weakness?

Accumulating in vitro electrophysiological evidence suggests that ganglioside molecular mimicry may be responsible for muscle weakness, possibly via the action of antiganglioside antibodies on the neuromuscular junction. A common molecular feature in ganglioside mimicry is the presence of NeuAc in both lipopolysaccharides and gangliosides.

Does ganglioside mimicry cause Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Ganglioside mimicry as a cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Curr. Opin. Neurol.18:557-561. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

What is the role of sialic acid residue in Guillain-Barre syndrome?

The sialic acid residue is a crucial component of C. jejunilipopolysaccharide ganglioside mimicry in the induction Guillain-Barre syndrome. J. Neuroimmunol.174:126-132.