How do Bekker numbers work?

Bekker numbers consist of up to three ordered coordinates, or pieces of information: a number, the letter a or b, and another number, which refer respectively to the page number of Bekker’s edition of the Greek text of Aristotle’s works, the page column (a standard page of Bekker’s edition has exactly two columns), and …

What does Aristotle say about metaphysics?

What is known to us as metaphysics is what Aristotle called “first philosophy.” Metaphysics involves a study of the universal principles of being, the abstract qualities of existence itself.

How do you footnote Aristotle?

Therefore, the citations should be formatted like this: First footnote: Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, trans. W. D.

How do you cite Platto crito?

MLA (7th ed.) Plato, , and Hugh Tredennick. The Last Days of Socrates: The Apology :crito :phaedo. London: Penguin Books, 1954. Print.

What are Aristotle’s main theories?

In metaphysics, or the theory of the ultimate nature of reality, Aristotelianism involves belief in the primacy of the individual in the realm of existence; in the applicability to reality of a certain set of explanatory concepts (e.g., 10 categories; genus-species-individual, matter-form, potentiality-actuality.

What theory did Aristotle believe in?

Since the mid-20th century, Aristotle’s ethics has inspired the field of virtue theory, an approach to ethics that emphasizes human well-being and the development of character.

How do you cite Plato Phaedo?

Citation Data

1. MLA. Plato. Plato’s Phaedo. Oxford :Clarendon press, 1911.
2. APA. Plato. ( 1911). Plato’s Phaedo. Oxford :Clarendon press,
3. Chicago. Plato. Plato’s Phaedo. Oxford :Clarendon press, 1911.

Why do modern editions of Aristotle use Bekker numbers?

All modern editions or translations of Aristotle intended for scholarly readers use Bekker numbers, in addition to or instead of page numbers. Contemporary scholars writing on Aristotle use the Bekker number so that the author’s citations can be checked by readers without having to use the same edition or translation that the author used.

What is a Bekker number?

Bekker numbering. Bekker numbers consist of up to three ordered coordinates, or pieces of information: a number, the letter a or b, and another number, which refer respectively to the page number of Bekker’s edition of the Greek text of Aristotle’s works, the page column (a standard page of Bekker’s edition has exactly two columns),…

What is Bekker number 1094a1?

For example, the Bekker number denoting the beginning of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is 1094a1, which corresponds to page 1094 of Bekker’s edition, first column (column a), line 1. All modern editions or translations of Aristotle intended for scholarly readers use Bekker numbers, in addition to or instead of page numbers.

What are the references to Aristotle’s Metaphysics in order?

References in the text to the books of Aristotle’s Metaphysics are given by Greek letter. In order (with the corresponding Roman numeral given in parentheses) these are: Α (I), α (II), Β (III), Γ (IV), Δ (V), Ε (VI), Ζ (VII), Η (VIII), Θ (IX), I (X), Κ (XI), Λ (XII), Μ (XIII), Ν (XIV). Translations are taken from Reeve (2016). 1.