What is HydroDeAlkylation process?

Hydrodealkylation is a chemical reaction that often involves reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a simpler aromatic hydrocarbon devoid of functional groups. An example is the conversion of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to xylene.

What is CW in PFD?

The notation, cw, associated with the nonprocess stream flowing into E-102 indicates that cooling water is used as a coolant. Electricity used to power motors and generators is an additional utility that is not identified directly on the PFD or in Table 1.3 but is treated separately.

What is HDA chemical?

Linde Engineering offers a thermal HydroDeAlkylation (HDA) process for benzene production. This non-catalytic process is suited to utilize wide variety of feedstocks including toluene, xylenes, c9 aromatics, hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline and reformate to produce high purity benzene with excellent aromatic yield.

How is toluene produced?

Toluene is produced during petroleum refining operations, directly as a by-product of styrene manufacture and indirectly as a by-product of coke-oven operations. It is produced from petroleum as an aromatic mixture with benzene and xylene primarily by catalytic reforming and pyrolytic cracking.

What is PFD and UFD?

A PFD/UFD is a schematic drawing of a process or utility unit which explains the overall scheme of the process flow for a plant. Used for HAZID (Hazard identification) study. PFD’s / UFD’s are prepared under the responsibility of the process or utility engineer.

What is the formula of hexamethylene diamine?

C6H16N2
Hexamethylenediamine/Formula

What is full form of HDA chapter?

HDA – Housing Development Agency.

What are the sources of toluene?

Toluene, a.k.a. methyl benzene, is a clear, flammable, water-insoluble liquid with the odor of paint thinner. It can be found naturally in petroleum crude oil. Exposure to toluene can occur through air, water, soil, and groundwater, but almost all of the toluene released as emissions is dispersed into the air.

What is hydrodealkylation of toluene?

Toluene hydrodealkylation or hydrodealkylation of toluene (HDA) is a process that used to produce benzene. The reaction occurs as: Toluene + H2 Benzene + CH4 The process need toluene and hydrogen as a main reactor.

What is the reaction between benzene and toluene?

The reaction occurs as: Toluene + H2 Benzene + CH4 The process need toluene and hydrogen as a main reactor. Then, toluene and hydrogen are converted in a reactor packed with catalyst to produce benzene and methane.

How do you convert toluene to methane?

Toluene and hydrogen are converted in a reactor packed with catalyst to produce benzene and methane. Typically the reaction reaches a conversion of 90%. The reaction is highly exothermic and the typical operating conditions are 500 C to 660 C, and 20 to 60 bar.

Which dealkylation technologies produce benzene?

Our dealkylation technologies (DETOL®, LITOL® and PYROTOL®) produce high purity benzene from any aromatics-rich feedstock. The yield of benzene from the higher homologs is nearly stoichiometric.