What is a gustilo Anderson fracture?

The Gustilo Anderson classification, also known as the Gustilo classification, is the most widely accepted classification system of open (or compound) fractures. The grading system is used to guide management of compound fractures, with higher grade injuries associated with higher risk of complications.

What is a Grade 3 open fracture?

Grade III Open Fracture Grade IIIA fractures include high-energy fractures, as evidenced by severe bone injury (segmental or highly comminuted fractures) and/or large, often contaminated soft-tissue wounds. Most surgeons classify high-energy fractures as IIIA even if the skin wound is not large.

What is open fracture type I or II?

They categorized open injuries into the familiar three categories, based on wound size, level of contamination, and osseous injury, as follows: Type I = an open fracture with a wound less than 1 cm long and clean; Type II = an open fracture with a laceration greater than 1 cm long without extensive soft tissue damage.

What is periosteal stripping open fracture?

When a traumatic injury occurs, bones and soft tissue absorb the imposed energy. It is when the threshold of absorption is exceeded that communication of the bone occurs causing periosteal stripping and soft tissue destruction.

How many grades of fractures are there?

In this article we look at the three primary types of fractures: open, closed, and displaced fractures.

What is a Type 3 fracture?

A type III fracture (see the images below) is a fracture through the physis and epiphysis. This fracture passes through the hypertrophic layer of the physis and extends to split the epiphysis, inevitably damaging the reproductive layer of the physis.

What are the four types of fractures?

Types of Fractures

• Stable fracture. The broken ends of the bone line up and are barely out of place.
• Open (compound) fracture. The skin may be pierced by the bone or by a blow that breaks the skin at the time of the fracture.
• Transverse fracture.
• Oblique fracture.
• Comminuted fracture.

What is Type 2 fracture?

Type 2. This fracture occurs when the growth plate is hit and splits away from the joint along with a small piece of the bone shaft. This is the most common type and happens most often in children over 10. About 75 percent of Salter-Harris fractures are type 2.

Why open fracture is emergency?

Open fractures pose an immediate risk of infection. In general, the greater the damage is to bone and soft tissues, the greater the risk of infection. A bone infection can be difficult to treat. The patient may require long-term antibiotics and multiple surgical procedures.

Is an open fracture life threatening?

Mortality associated with fractures is usually related to associated injuries to other critical organs, such as the brain, lung, and liver. If not properly treated, open fractures can lead to non-lethal, long-term complications such as bone infection and problems with proper bone healing.

What is complex Gustilo–Anderson type IIIB elbow fracture?

Complex Gustilo–Anderson type IIIB open elbow fracture are rare injuries resulting from high-energy trauma.1,2Large soft tissues damages with comminuted fractures in the elbow are frequently combined with neuro-circulatory lesions. The soft tissues injury located at the dorsal part of the elbow is commonly associated with ulnar nerve damage.

Does nonischemic arterial injury affect reconstructive outcomes in Gustilo type IIIB?

Conclusions: Arterial injury was common among Gustilo type IIIB patients and correlated with increased reconstructive complications. Nonischemic arterial injury appears to negatively impact reconstructive outcomes and should be accounted for when considering free tissue transfer for lower extremity salvage.

Does Gustilo-Anderson classification predict infection?

Conclusions/Uses The Gustilo-Anderson classification, despite its inherent limitations, is prognostically valuable for predicting orthopaedic infection [4, 16, 21]. It is widely accepted for research, communication, and training purposes, and its remains useful as a good, basic approach to manage open fractures.

What is a type 2 Gustilo wound?

Gustilo Classification 1 Type I wound ≤ 1 cm, minimal contamination or muscle damage 2 Type II wound 1-10 cm, moderate soft tissue injury 3 Type IIIA wound usually >10 cm, high energy, extensive soft-tissue damage, contaminated adequate tissue for flap coverage farm injuries are automatically at least Gustillo IIIA