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What is fluvial entrainment?

What is fluvial entrainment?

The process of sediment entrainment (lifting into the flow) initiates fluvial (water) and aeolian (wind) transport. Bagnold’s description of sediment entrainment derived from basic fluid dynamics and Newtonian mechanics of particles on the surface2.

What is sediment flux?

An understanding of sediment fluxes, both at the local and global scale, involves identifying sites where sediment is produced, the processes involved in liberating this sediment, and processes and rates involved in the transport of the sediment to depositional environments.

What is entrainment in electrophysiology?

Entrainment is a pacing maneuver that has traditionally been applied during macroreentrant tachyarrhythmias to determine whether a pacing site is a part of the circuit. This information is in turn used to identify critical channels that may be targeted for ablation.

Why is sediment transport important?

Many ecosystems benefit from sediment transport and deposition, whether directly or indirectly. Sediment builds aquatic habitats for spawning and benthic organisms 10. It is also responsible for providing nutrients to aquatic plants, as well vegetation in nearshore ecosystems such as floodplains and marshes 10.

How are waterfalls formed?

Waterfalls. Waterfalls often form in the upper stages of a river where it flows over different bands of rock. It erodes soft rock more quickly than hard rock and this may lead to the creation of a waterfall. The soft rock erodes more quickly, undercutting the hard rock.

How do you calculate sediment flux?

Methods for calculating fluxes and errors. The real amount of exported sediment in the [0, T] total time period is the unknown SPM flux:(2) F = ∫ 0 T Q ( t ) C ( t ) dt where Q is the discharge, C is the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and t is time.

What is sedimentation rate geology?

The sedimentation rate, also known as the deposition rate (D R ), is the vertical flux of sediment to the depositional surface, such as the seafloor in the case of a marine environment (e.g., kg/m2 per year).

What drives sediments to lift?

Mean and fluctuating component of depth averaged vertical velocity are then indicated as major factors for sediments lifting, being their correlation with the area of sediment at the maximum at the moment when sediment entrainment initiates.

How does the grain size of Sediments affect erodible reach?

Here, the influence of the grain size of sediments composing the erodible reach is translated in a tendency to have an increment in the spacing between streaks and thicker streaks in presence of coarser grain size.

Does sedimentation affect the geometry of the front of gravity currents?

The geometry of the front of the gravity currents changes with the incorporation of the sediment, indicating that with the presence of sediment extra energy losses occur in the front of the current. 1. Introduction Gravity or density currents are buoyancy driven flows that occur, naturally or as a consequence of human activities ( Simpson, 1997 ).

Does the mobilization of contaminated sediments by gravity currents promote pollution reintroduction?

The mobilization of contaminated sediments which are settled in the bed of lakes and reservoirs by gravity currents, may promote the reintroduction of pollutants in the environment.